omnye waba phezulu njengoko kuthelekiswa nezinye referenda
Senegal sele elizeleyo gun-ulawulo regime ukuba ilawulwa yi-federal umthetho kwaye uphunyezwe yi-cantonsOku regime zibe ngaphantsi nje noko restrictive kunoko kwezinye European amazwe, kodwa ukususela ngowama- oko sele bathobela European Union iimfuno. I-Swiss Zesintu Umthetho ufuna i-acquisition sephepha-mvume kuba handguns kwaye oqhuba sephepha-mvume kuba oqhuba na permitted firearm kuba defensive ngeenjongo. Oluzenzekelayo zesintu ingaba ukugxotha. Swiss militiamen inakho ukugcina zabo ekhutshwe personal isixhobo zabo ekhaya. A ethandwa kakhulu referendum ukuba prohibit esi senzo irhoxisiwe ngofebruwari. I-Swiss iindlela ezilungileyo kwi acquisition, ulawulo, kwaye sebenzisa firearms ingaba emilisiweyo yi-gun-ulawulo umthetho wepalamente ukuba usebenza civilian abantu behlabathi kwaye yi-imigaqo kwi uphatho ka-firearms ekhutshwe ukuba militiamen. Ezi zimbini ezigunyazisiweyo zengxelo iindlela injongo e ukuthintela kakubi nokuxhatshazwa firearms ngexesha wokugcina i-statutory ilungelo ubungqina izikhali, apho lusekelwe longstanding Swiss imicimbi yayo.
De, uphatho ka-zesintu ezilungele kuba private ulawulo waba regulated ngomhla cantonal inqanaba kwaye ezinye cantons kokuba kakhulu permissive gun-ulawulo regimes.
I-cantonal imithetho baba igcine kunye loosely nge-i-interactional Zesintu Concordat ukuba kuvunyelwe Senegal ukuba kuba uninzi permissive mgaqo-nkqubo kwi-gun ulawulo kuzo zonke Yurophu. De emva kwexesha, oku nokungabikho uniformity kwi-gun ulawulo isebenza kakuhle kuba Iswitzerland.
Ulwaphulo-mthetho amazinga baba low kwaye Swiss baba ethambileyo nge private gun ubunini ngenxa militia indlela.
Kwi-kwangoko s, nangona kunjalo, ulwaphulo-mthetho umyinge ukwanda, kwaye Swiss guns baba imibuzo implicated kwi-European terrorist icandelo lomboniso kwaye iimfazwe ukuba ravaged yangaphambili Eyugoslavia. Ezi iimeko kukhokelele a ukutshintsha kwemozulu ye domestic ngamazwe koxinzelelo ukuba ekubeni Swiss ukuba abandon zabo laissez faire attitude kwiintlanganiso firearms kwaye siqale cumbersome kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho ka-enacting a federal zesintu umthetho. Wokuqala federal gun-ulawulo umthetho (hereinafter i-Zesintu Act) waba kakuhle kwi-Senegal ngojanuwari. Njengoko ekuqaleni ube wenziwe, Zesintu azisa Umthetho i gun-ulawulo regime ukuba waba efanayo kwi-gun-alawule imithetho wayalela amazwe, nangona ngaphantsi restrictive. Phakathi ka, eziliqela izilungiso kuwo ndenza Zesintu Umthetho ngakumbi stringent. Ebalulekileyo uphengululo waba occasioned yi-Senegal ke accession ukuba Schengen Sivumelwano, ngokufanayo umda regime ka-European Union (EU). Oku Uphengululo Mthetho waba ukusebenza ngowoku-ngodisemba, imini Senegal ke accession ukuba Schengen regime, kwaye injongo yayo ephambili waba transposition ka-European Union ke Zesintu Sikhokhelo kwi-Swiss umthetho. Phakathi kwezi ngokutsha ube wenziwe amanyathelo waba ukungeniswa European Firearms Okokuba. Nangona Senegal ayinguwo EU Ilungu Urhulumente, sele vala ties kunye EU kwaye abaninzi yayo imithetho ingaba harmonized kunye EU umthetho.
Emva eziliqela nokuxinga apho militiamen bambulala iziqu zabo okanye kwabanye kunye ekhutshwe zesintu, reforms baba kanjalo ezicetywayo kuba Regulation ukuba ivumela amalungu Swiss militia ukugcina zabo yabelwe personal isixhobo zabo ekhaya.
Ngo, oku umqathango wama-waba ya ukuvumela amalungu militia ukuba voluntarily idiphozithi zabo ekhutshwe firearm kwi-i-armory. Ngomhla we-kowama, ngo, ethandwa kakhulu referendum obubanjwe kwi proposal ukuba ingaba ndenza Swiss gun-alawule imithetho stricter ezininzi iindlela. I-proposal ngokuba kuba i end ukuba ukuziqhelanisa ka-ikuvumela militiamen gcina izikhali zabo ekhaya. Ukongeza, kuya ezicetywayo ukuba gun ubhaliso kufuneka bamthwala ngaphandle yi-federation endaweni cantons, kwaye ukuba kuba zesintu acquisition sephepha-mvume, umfaki-sicelo kuya kufuneka ukuba kuvavanya imfuneko kuba isixhobo kwaye ubuchule nolwazi ukukhombisa u-oko. I-Swiss Epalamente kwaye Federal Ikhabhinethi advised ngokuchasene referendum kwi emidlalo ukuba imithetho ekhoyo baba ukutya ukukhusela ngokuchasene gun kakubi. I-referendum irhoxisiwe yi zintathu abo voting, kwaye voter ukuthatha inxaxheba. Ihlala kuba ubonile ukuba Swiss uza ukutshintsha ingqondo zabo kwi tougher gun-alawule imithetho kwi-wake ye-Daillon kwendyikityha yokufa kweyomqungu, kwi-Canton ka-Valais, xa amashumi amathathu anesine-yeminyaka ubudala militiaman waya kwi shooting spree, killing ezintathu abafazi wounding amadoda amabini kunye yakhe militia isixhobo. Kuba starters, siganeko kukhokelele a ezasepalamente sindululo urging i-Federal Ikhabhinethi ukwenza i-ngobuchule linkage phakathi cantonal zesintu kubhalisa. Ngoseptemba ka, Swiss Federal Ikhabhinethi iphakamise impahla kwemiqobo ukuya Epalamente ekuphenduleni a ezasepalamente isicelo sephepha-mvume nzulu kwi njani gun ulawulo basenokuba eziphuculweyo. Ezi oku kubandakanya oku kulandelayo: Ngomhla we-ithuba ka- gun-ulawulo referendum, Swiss Federal Amapolisa compiled ingqokelela yamanani kwi-gun olunxulumene yolwaphulo-mthetho. Ezi lwabonisa ukuba ngo- amapolisa investigated homicides, apho baba allegedly inikele nge gun. Kulo nyaka, aggravated batteries baba kusini na, zilishumi elinanye apho obandakanyekayo gun sebenzisa, kwaye robberies baba kusini na, apho baba inikele nge gun. Senegal ubani abantu behlabathi. yezigidi I-Swiss Izitatistiki-Ofisi nokulungiselela i-tshati ukuba uluhlu inani lokufa kwabantu yintsholongwane guns ngethuba leminyaka nge.
Ngokunxulumene ezi amanani, asixhenxe ukuba kusini na lokufa kwabantu baba suicides.
I-amanani kanjalo bonisa gradual nciphisa lokufa kwabantu yi-gun sebenzisa ukusuka i-kwinto yonke inani lokufa kwabantu kwi- ukuya lokufa kwabantu ngo. I-Izitatistiki-Ofisi kanjalo kuchazwe ukuba ishumi elinesixhenxe bonke suicides kusini na ngo- baba inikele nge gun, kwaye ukuba ithoba ye-suicides inikele nge gun baba inikele nge military isixhobo. Kude kube kutshanje, Senegal wayenolwazi zaziwa ngokuba ukudibanisa amanqanaba aphezulu gun ubunini kunye eliphantsi incidence ka-ngokwesiqu shootings. Oku reputation, nangona kunjalo, wenziwe marred ngumthetho nje shooting rampage kwi-Dainnon. Kwi-Senegal, military nkonzo ifumaneka compulsory kuba nako konke-bodied abantu, kwaye enye iinkonzo zasekuhlaleni ingaba ikhona kuphela kuba conscientious objectors. Conscription iqala eneminyaka nineteen, kwaye umsebenzi ukukhonza siphela phakathi iminyaka amashumi amathathu anesine kwaye amahlanu, ngokuxhomekeka udidi lwe militiaman. Militiamen ingaba ekhutshwe personal izixhobo, ezibandakanya i-personal isixhobo kwaye ammunition.
Abo unwilling ukukhonza kufuneka uhlawule kakuhle
I-militiaman ngu wagunyazisa ukugcina isixhobo in yakhe ekhaya, ngaphandle kokuba lugqiba ukuba idiphozithi ngokwendlela yakhe iyunithi ke armory. Xa militiaman retires, abe bagcine personal isixhobo, ngaphandle kokuba oko wenziwe kakuhle kwagcinwa yi-umntu technicians yakhe military iyunithi. Ukuba kukho ingozi ukusetyenziswa okanye improper uphatho okanye ulondolozo lwe isixhobo, commandant ye-military iyunithi iza confiscate lwesiqu isixhobo. Amapolisa, iinkundla, abatshutshisi babe kwazisa commandant ka iimeko ukuba bizani confiscation ye-isixhobo.
Ukusetyenziswa okanye mishandling ka-zesintu ngu punishable noba ngu a zoluleko komlinganiselo okanye nge-nokuvalelwa okanye kulungile, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezithile.
I-Zesintu Umthetho uqulathe elizeleyo regime kuba nephepha ye-acquisition kwaye oqhuba ka-permitted zesintu i-banning ethile zesintu, kuquka oluzenzekelayo firearms kwaye zemveliso norhwebo kwi-zesintu, kuquka ukunika ingxelo izibophelelo ka-dealers kwaye ubhaliso system ukuba sijongana zonke ngasese owned guns, kuquka abo acquired yi-lifa, kodwa hayi kuquka hunting rifles. I-federal Zesintu Mthetho ubizwa uphunyezwe yi-cantons kwaye cantons kanjalo wayigcina kubhalisa ka-ngasese owned guns. Izibonelelo kwi ammunition ingaba ekugcineni kunye nemithetho-siseko Umthetho, olujoliswe ukuba deter kakubi xa ayeke ezisemthethweni gun mashishini. I-acquisition sephepha-mvume ezifunekayo ngokukodwa kuba handguns. Rifles kwaye semiautomatic elide izikhali ukuba ingaba customarily olusetyenziswa yi-recreational hunters ingaba exempt ukususela nephepha yokuba zilawulwe, njengoko ngokupheleleyo oluzenzekelayo guns ingaba ukugxotha. I-sicelo kuba zesintu sephepha-mvume kufuneka, ubuncinane, ishumi elinesibhozo ubudala, akavumelekanga ukuba zithe wabeka phantsi guardianship, akavumelekanga ukuba banike sizathu kuba suspicion ukuba wayeza endanger ngokwakhe okanye abanye kunye isixhobo, kwaye akavumelekanga ukuba ingaba zolwaphulo mthetho imbali kunye conviction kuba violent ulwaphulo-mthetho okanye eziliqela convictions kuba nonviolent yolwaphulo-mthetho. Yephepha-mvume ngu esikhutshwe canton ka-yokuhlala ka-sicelo kodwa esebenzayo kulo lonke Iswitzerland. Yephepha-mvume siyasebenza kuba ezintandathu zidlulileyo, maximally ithoba zidlulileyo. Kubalulekile idla semthethweni kuba acquisition omnye isixhobo kuphela. I-acquisition sephepha-mvume lifunwa kuphela ukuba isixhobo ngu acquired ukusuka dealer. Akukho sephepha-mvume ezifunekayo kuba eyenziweyo phakathi private abantu.
Endaweni yoko, ezi zivumelekile ukuba njengoko ixesha elide njengoko nomthengisi bafanele ukubonisa verifies isazisi kwaye ubudala umthengi yi-ukukhangela inkqubo esemthethweni uchazo uxwebhu kwaye njengoko ixesha elide njengoko yena sele akukho sizathu ukuba bakholelwe ukuba umthengi wenziwe okanye abe disqualified ukusuka gun mashishini.
Umthengi babe ascertain ezi iimeko yi-ucela ulwazi ukusuka cantonal abasemagunyeni, kodwa kuphela ukuba umthengi consents ngokubhaliweyo. I-oqhuba a gun kuba defensive ngeenjongo kufuna umntu oqhuba sephepha-mvume, nto leyo iza kunikelwa kuphela ukuba umfaki-sicelo ufumana umntu ukuba bathenge guns kubonakalisa kufuneka kuba isixhobo ukukhusela ngokwakhe, abanye, okanye ipropati ngokuchasene ezikhoyo iingozi kwaye sele iphumeze i-exam ukuvavanya yakhe kufuneka theoretical ulwazi isebenziseke ubuchule. I-theoretical exam iimvavanyo ulwazi isebenziseke nakwiimviwo iimvavanyo-sicelo ke, ubuchule kwi-uphatho i-isixhobo, kuquka kufakwa, unloading, zokusebenza ukhuseleko icebo, kwaye shooting. Umntu oqhuba sephepha-mvume amaphepha-mvume concealed oqhuba a handgun. Akukho oqhuba sephepha-mvume ezifunekayo kuba transporting i unloaded isixhobo kuba legitimate ngeenjongo, ezifana utyelele kwaye ukususela shooting ulungiso okanye hunting-bume, njengoko ixesha elide njengoko ammunition iyagcinwa ezahlukeneyo ukususela isixhobo. Ilungiselelwe yi-Edith i-palmer, Oyintloko, Iinqwelo, Comparative, kwaye wamazwe Ngamazwe Ukwahlula II februwari.
